International Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences Research

Abstract: Flavonols in Eleutherine plicata have significant pharmacological value, but traditional extraction is inefficient and toxic. A green NADES system (3 sugars as HBDs, 2 acids as HBAs) was screened, characterized, and optimized by single-factor/orthogonal tests. Xylose-citric acid NADES performed best (16.81%, typical NADES properties). Optimized conditions: xylose/citric acid 1:4, 15% water, 1:2 solid-liquid ratio, 50℃/50 min. Validation yielded 24.42% (RSD=1.96%), far exceeding traditional methods (≈1.97%), and stable. This system solves the low-efficiency issue and provides a reference for natural flavonoid extraction. Read More

Abstract: We evaluated the NVTIA tomato-derived phytomelatonin process as a differentiated natural ingredient platform in the context of contemporary literature on phytomelatonin, tomato biology, melatonin stability, and translational sleep-health evidence. Using the available process-associated dataset, we summarized three optimized production examples and three comparator conditions and then contextualized these findings with peer-reviewed publications on phytomelatonin occurrence in edible plants, tomato melatonin biosynthesis, process-sensitive melatonin degradation, black ginger bioactivity, polyamine biology, and clinical melatonin literature. Across the optimized examples, melatonin content ranged from 98.2% to 99.1%, impurity content remained at or below 1.5%, and microbial limits were reported as compliant. In contrast, comparator conditions without rice germ polyamines or with off-window pH or temperature produced markedly lower melatonin content (82.3%-85.5%) and higher impurity burdens (8.2%-10.5%). Published literature supports the plausibility of a tomato-centered phytomelatonin strategy because tomatoes are recognized edible sources of phytomelatonin and their melatonin biosynthetic route has been mechanistically characterized. The same literature also shows that pH, temperature, light, and storage conditions materially affect melatonin stability, which gives process meaning to the NVTIA emphasis on mild enzymolysis, chromatographic purification, and stabilization. Black ginger and rice germ polyamines provide an additional mechanistic basis for antioxidant and cell-protective positioning, although their direct contribution to finished-product clinical efficacy remains inferential rather than proven. Taken together, the evidence supports NVTIA as a tomato-derived phytomelatonin ingredient with a stability-oriented process design and favorable analytical profile. However, any explicit superiority claim over equivalent commercial materials still requires … Read More

Abstract: Background: Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk is not driven by a single biochemical defect; it commonly emerges from dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and impaired metabolic regulation. We developed the NVITA branded raw-material complex as a standardized multicomponent system centered on rice bran fatty alcohol and plant sterol, supported by earthworm protein, bitter melon peptide, antioxidant components, lipid-lowering agents, vascular maintenance agents, and formulation excipients. Objective: We evaluated whether the NVITA system provides a broader and stronger biological profile than equivalent single-type raw materials and a commercial comparator, while positioning the brand-specific value around formulation architecture, standardization, and multi-pathway synergy. Methods: We analyzed preclinical benchmark data across lipid indices (TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). We also compared the NVITA direction of effect with published clinical and regulatory evidence for plant sterols/stanols, rice-bran lipid fractions, red yeast rice, coenzyme Q10, bitter melon peptide/extract, and earthworm-derived fibrinolytic protein systems. Results: The optimized NVITA group reduced TC, TG, and LDL-C by 50.3%, 64.2%, and 63.0%, respectively, versus model control, while increasing HDL-C, VEGF, and SOD by 86.6%, 70.1%, and 86.3%. Relative to a commercial cardiovascular health-product comparator in the same benchmark model, optimized NVITA showed lower TC, TG, and LDL-C by 32.5%, 43.0%, and 44.1%, respectively, and higher HDL-C, VEGF, and SOD by 33.0%, 29.9%, and 32.4%. Literature evidence supports the relevance of the individual ingredient classes, but the NVITA system distinguishes itself by combining lipid-regulatory, endothelial-repair, antioxidant, and metabolic-support pathways in a single standardized raw-material matrix. Conclusion: NVITA demonstrates a strong preclinical … Read More

Abstract: In this study, Chinese strong-flavor Baijiu was used as the research object. Volatile compounds were analyzed in newly distilled liquor samples and strong-flavor Baijiu samples aged in stainless steel tanks for 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, respectively. The results demonstrated that organic acids, higher alcohols, and aromatic compounds were continuously generated and accumulated during the aging process, which contributed to the mellow cellar aroma, honey aroma, and aged aroma of the liquor. In addition, the contents of ethyl butyrate, 1-hexanol and other components exhibited a steady upward trend, while acetaldehyde showed a slight fluctuation followed by an increase. Overall, the aging process was characterized by decreased esters, increased acids and alcohols, and coordinated flavor development, verifying the optimizing effect of aging on the flavor profile of Baijiu. This study provides key data support for elucidating the aging mechanism of strong-flavor Baijiu. Read More

Abstract: To screen the suitable raw material parts of cherry valley duck for the same brine formula in brined duck products, this study took duck wings, duck necks, duck gizzards, duck heads and duck clavicles as research objects. Volatile components were analyzed by sensory evaluation, solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). The results showed that duck neck had the best sensory evaluation. A total of 54 volatile compounds were identified in five brined duck parts by SPME-GC-MS, while 22 volatile compounds were detected by GC-IMS. Fourteen key volatile compounds were screened out by relative odor activity value (ROAV) and variable importance in projection (VIP). Among them, 1-Nonanal were the key compounds leading to the differences between brined duck neck and other parts, and brined duck neck exhibited more prominent fatty aroma. SPME-GC-MS and GC-IMS showed a synergistic effect, which provided a theoretical basis for the industrial production of brined duck products. Read More

Abstract: Background: Obesity remains a major global health problem, and practical weight-management products often fail because thermogenic ingredients, catechins, and satiety fibers are combined without a delivery system that protects labile actives or coordinates gastrointestinal exposure [1]. We therefore evaluated a time-programmed guarana extract-EGCG-konjac glucomannan (KGM) matrix and interpreted its disclosed formulation-performance dataset alongside published human and mechanistic evidence. Methods: We reviewed the disclosed composition, comparator results, gastrointestinal release behavior, animal-model outcomes, and short-term volunteer satiety observations, and we complemented these data with a structured PubMed- and WHO-based literature search through March 2026. Results: In the disclosed dataset, 2-h EGCG retention in simulated gastric fluid remained 83.9–88.7% for qualified formulations but only 31.7% for the parameter-mismatched comparator. Qualified matrices sustained intestinal release (65.8–71.2% at 6 h) and preserved near-complete colonic release (96.7–98.1% at 12 h). In obese mice, the benchmark embodiment reduced body weight by 21.3%, body-fat percentage by 32.7%, and food intake by 28.4% versus model control, with concurrent rises in GLP-1 and fecal butyrate. Published studies provide biologically concordant support: EGCG-caffeine/guarana mixtures increased 24-h energy expenditure in a randomized crossover trial [2], low-dose EGCG increased postprandial fat oxidation in obese men [3], gelled KGM reduced appetite and energy intake in healthy adults [5], and a 2024 dose-response meta-analysis reported significant reductions in body mass, BMI, and body-fat percentage with green tea extract supplementation [4]. Conclusion: We found that the differentiating value of the NVTIA platform lies primarily in matrix architecture rather than ingredient listing alone. The combined evidence supports a formulation-level rationale for staged satiety and metabolic … Read More

Abstract: To clarify the regulatory effect of marinating and drying process on beef flavor and the flavor differences of processed products from different beef varieties, this study took Shandong yellow beef and Qinghai yak beef as research objects. Using headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ( GC-MS) and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) technologies, combined with relative odor activity value (ROAV), principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and other methods, the evolution characteristics of volatile flavor substances in beef before and after processing were analyzed, and the flavor profile differences of the finished beef jerky were compared. The results showed that aldehydes were the core flavor substances of both beef varieties in the fresh meat stage, with trans-2-nonenal and n-nonanal as the key contributors respectively. After marinating and drying, the proportion of aldehydes decreased significantly, terpenes became the dominant flavor substances of beef jerky, and new Maillard reaction products such as pyrazines and esters were generated. There were significant flavor differences between the two finished beef jerky, with 28 and 26 volatile substances detected respectively, and D-limonene, linalool and 2-ethyl-1,3,5-trimethylpyrazine were the key differential markers. This study provides a theoretical basis and data support for the differentiated development of characteristic beef jerky. Read More

Abstract: We evaluated a BALIMONT multi-strain probiotic platform composed of Bacillus coagulans ATCC 7050, Bifidobacterium animalis ATCC 27536, and Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 20174, and we integrated the original formulation dataset with currently available published evidence relevant to probiotic-based weight management. The platform used a 1:1:1 viable-count ratio and a sequential ecological-relay design in which B. animalis and L. plantarum were pre-incubated in a B. coagulans cell-free metabolite filtrate before final blending with B. coagulans spore powder. In the original comparative dataset, six-month viable-count retention reached 85.2%, versus 52.0% for a same-strain direct-mix comparator. In vivo, B. coagulans first reduced free oxygen from 5.2 mg/L to 0.8 mg/L and shifted the proximal intestinal redox potential from +120 mV to −180 mV, followed by jejunal/ileal enrichment of L. plantarum and distal-colon enrichment of B. animalis. In obese mice, the medium and high doses reduced body weight by 12.3% and 15.7%, body-fat percentage by 18.5% and 22.4%, and colonic short-chain fatty acids by 58% and 72%, respectively, relative to the model pattern reported in the source dataset. Published human studies and meta-analyses further support the plausibility of probiotic-mediated improvement in visceral fat, body weight, insulin resistance, and microbiota-related metabolic markers. Together, these data support BALIMONT as a process-defined probiotic platform for metabolic-environment modulation and justify further randomized human validation. Read More

Abstract: We evaluated an NVTIA retinal-support matrix centered on lutein, β-carotene, blueberry extract, and grape seed extract, while preserving the formulation-performance dataset and matching it with published clinical and mechanistic evidence. We reviewed peer-reviewed literature in PubMed and authoritative NIH/NEI materials through March 2026, and we aligned those data with the engineering endpoints retained in the formulation dataset: lipid-phase oxidation, water-phase retention, 45-minute dissolution, and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell survival under blue-light stress. In the formulation dataset, the optimized embodiments showed markedly lower oxidation (0.8–1.2% vs 15.6%), higher retention (97.5–99.2% vs 72.3%), higher 45-minute dissolution (88.3–92.5% vs 65.7%), and higher RPE survival (82.4–89.7% vs 65.2%) than the conventional control. Published evidence provided clinical support for the carotenoid axis: AREDS/AREDS2 supplementation reduces progression from intermediate to advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by about 25%, and long-term follow-up showed lutein/zeaxanthin to be a safer and more effective replacement for β-carotene in populations at risk of smoking-related harm [1–3]. A randomized trial in early AMD further showed that lutein/zeaxanthin supplementation increased macular pigment optical density and improved visual function [4], while macular carotenoid supplementation improved photostress recovery and disability glare in healthy adults [5]. Human and preclinical studies also support complementary roles for anthocyanin- and proanthocyanidin-rich fractions from blueberry/bilberry and grape seed sources in visual fatigue, oxidative retinal injury, and diabetic retinal pathology [6–12]. Together, these data indicate that a dual-phase protected carotenoid–polyphenol architecture is biologically plausible and translationally relevant, with the strongest human support still favoring lutein-containing, β-carotene-restricted retinal … Read More

Abstract: Background: Multi-botanical liver-support formulations are increasingly positioned around bile flow, oxidative stress control, and hepatocyte protection, yet the scientific value of such products depends on whether botanical standardization, dose–response behavior, and external evidence converge. Methods: We evaluated the NVTIA tri-extract formulation-series dataset together with a targeted search of PubMed, PMC, and regulatory monographs through March 2026 to identify clinical, mechanistic, and preclinical evidence relevant to milk thistle, artichoke, and dandelion root. Results: Within the formulation series, marker-standardized extracts exceeded predefined quality thresholds (silymarin 83.5%, cynarin 3.2%, total flavonoids 4.8%). Increasing milk thistle from 20 to 50 parts was associated with monotonic improvement in oxidative-stress endpoints, with MDA reductions from 51.27% to 68.17%, SOD increases from 98.62% to 141.53%, and GSH-Px increases from 112.35% to 162.48%. Increasing dandelion root from 15 to 45 parts was associated with 4 h bile-flow increases from 52.78% to 86.11%, ALT reductions from 62.35% to 81.26%, and MDA reductions from 53.47% to 66.78%. In the public literature, a 2024 meta-analysis of nine clinical trials reported significant reductions in ALT and AST with silymarin in MASLD, while a separate 2024 meta-analysis of 26 randomized trials found improvement in liver injury and steatosis outcomes. Two meta-analyses of artichoke supplementation reported significant reductions in ALT and AST, and a placebo-controlled NAFLD trial found improvements in liver enzymes, bilirubin, and sonographic parameters. A placebo-controlled crossover study also documented a marked short-term increase in bile secretion after standardized artichoke extract. By contrast, dandelion-root evidence remained predominantly preclinical. Conclusion: The NVTIA tri-extract framework shows internal dose–response coherence and aligns most strongly with the external evidence base … Read More