Abstract: To achieve the utilization of biomass waste as fertilizer, this study processed vegetable waste and pig manure using hydrothermal methods and conducted pak choi planting experiments with the products. The results showed that among treatments using vegetable hydrothermal solid products, S210B performed the best in terms of yield and plant height of pak choi, with increases of 29.98% and 15.38% compared to CK, respectively. The nutrient content (NPK) of pak choi was best in the S180B treatment, with increases of 13.17%, 15.87%, and 13.69% compared to CK, respectively. Treatments with hydrothermal liquid products showed significantly better performance in yield, plant height, and stem circumference than those with solid products, with Y210 (30) diluted 30 times showing the best performance. All treatments with pig manure hydrothermal products promoted the growth of pak choi after 60 days of planting, with ZF180 showing the best improvement in all characteristics. Read More

Abstract: The paper uses the discarded vegetables discarded in the Sanlu Highway ice bank as the raw material, and the water content will be the lowest after drying by air drying (the default water content is 0 in this paper). After the waste vegetables were recovered, the water content was adjusted to 50-60% for composting, and the cycle was adjusted to 2 months. After sampling 14 times, the temperature and pH were recorded. In the process of composting, the conditions of aerobic and hypoxic conditions were controlled, and two control variables, inoculating bacteria and no inoculating bacteria, were set, and relevant data were recorded during the composting liquid extraction process. In the whole composting process, the three-dimensional fluorescence parallel factor analysis was carried out, and the toc in the compost was used as the core data to analyse the material structure, so as to analyse the change of the maturity in the composting process, and provide theoretical guidance for its physical and chemical experiments. Read More

Abstract: The optimal drying process for walnut meal was determined, and the antioxidant and lipid-lowering functions of walnut meal powder extracts were evaluated to achieve high-value utilization of walnut meal. Walnut meal after desalination was dried using low-temperature hot air drying, microwave drying, and vacuum freeze drying, followed by sieving through a 60-mesh sieve. The vacuum freeze drying process was identified as the optimal drying method based on the determination of polyphenol, flavonoid, polysaccharide, and protein contents, with polyphenol content at 22.88 mg/g, flavonoid content at 0.71 mg/g, polysaccharide content at 16.37 mg/g, and protein content at 91.7 mg/g. Using this as the raw material, the antibacterial circles of the water and alcohol extracts of walnut meal powder against Escherichia coli OP50 were determined. The effects of water and alcohol extracts of walnut meal powder at concentrations of 1.25 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, and 5 mg/mL on the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, triglyceride (TG) content, oil red O staining, and optical density of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) were evaluated to assess their antioxidant capacity and lipid-lowering effects. The results showed that within the concentration range of 1.25 mg/mL to 5 mg/mL, both the water and alcohol extracts of walnut meal powder could increase the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-PX in C. elegans, reduce the content of the oxidative product MDA (P<0.05), and decrease the TG content in C. elegans, thereby reducing fat deposition. Moreover, the antioxidant capacity and lipid-lowering effects increased with increasing dosage, with the alcohol extract of walnut meal powder exhibiting higher activity than the water extract. Read More

Abstract: Effective monitoring and control of diseases and pests are crucial for ensuring and improving the quality of rice, as well as stabilizing rice yields. Correctly identifying the characteristics of diseases and pests, understanding their occurrence patterns, and their impact on rice production are essential for developing scientific, environmentally friendly, and efficient control measures. By adopting various rice cultivation techniques and integrated pest management strategies in Dongtai City, Jiangsu Province can effectively increase rice yield while ensuring food production safety. Comprehensive prevention and control of rice diseases and pests require the scientific application of multiple knowledge areas and measures to achieve better results in disease prevention while increasing rice productivity to unify social benefits with economic benefits. Read More

Abstract: This paper explores the various components of family reading climate and their effects on children's reading habits, interests and abilities. The study shows that a good family reading climate, including a rich family book collection, a reasonable reading schedule, parents' positive reading behaviour, a comfortable reading space, reading exchanges among family members and the importance of reading, has a significant effect on children's reading habits, reading interest and reading ability. The article analyses the influence of factors such as parents’ literacy, family economic status and family life rhythm on the family reading climate, and proposes corresponding improvement strategies, such as parents’ establishment of correct reading concepts, rational planning of family reading time and space, selection of reading materials suitable for children and diversified family reading activities. The article also puts forward prospects for further research, such as studying the differences in the reading climate of families with different backgrounds and paying attention to special groups, aiming to provide references for improving the family reading climate and promoting children's reading development. Read More