Abstract: Liquid butter is a special process with unique flavor, which has strong commercial value in the deep processing of animal fat. In this paper, the preparation of liquid butter was based on centrifugal supernatant as the main raw material, and the process of preparing liquid butter by ultrasonic-assisted transesterification method was used to optimize the preparation of liquid butter by single factor and orthogonal experimental design according to the sensory, freezing point and iodine value of the product. The experimental results showed that the optimal formula of liquid butter was as follows: liquid-to-material ratio of 1:1, ultrasonic temperature of 50°C, and ultrasonic time of 50min. Using this ratio, the sensory score of liquid butter prepared from centrifugal supernatant was 87 points, the freezing point was 22.9°C, and the iodine value was 67.5g/100g. The liquid butter prepared by this process is clear and translucent, with unique flavor, and has certain nutritional and health care effects, which has certain reference value for future application in the field of deep processing of animal fat. Read More

Abstract: Using segmented tallow as the experimental material, processed to obtain segmented tallow, and exploring the refining and decolorization process of segmented tallow. Firstly, the orthogonal experimental analysis method was used to investigate the effects of three single factors, namely heating temperature, heating time, and heating speed, on the sensory perception of refined segmented tallow; Secondly, study the decolorization effect of silica gel, activated clay, and attapulgite as decolorizing agents on the segmentation of tallow. The optimal conditions of decolorizing agent for segmenting tallow and oil were systematically investigated from the aspects of decolorizing agent dosage, decolorizing temperature, and decolorizing time. The results showed that under the same conditions, the decolorizing effect of activated clay was the best; Finally, response surface methodology was used to investigate the optimization of three single factors, namely the amount of decolorizing agent, decolorization temperature, and decolorization time, on the decolorization of segmented tallow and fat, in order to obtain the optimal decolorization conditions. The experimental results show that the optimal refining conditions are: heating temperature of 165℃, heating time of 85 minutes, and heating speed of 510 r/min. After sensory evaluation data, the optimal sensory score obtained under these refining conditions is 8.6; Under the conditions of active clay dosage of 3.7%, decolorization temperature of 81℃, and decolorization time of 17 minutes, the decolorization rate of segmented tallow can reach 71.9%. Read More

Abstract: As an important organ for plant absorption, channelling, synthesis, storage, secretion, regulation, fixation and support, root system plays an important role in plant growth and development. The root system is particularly important for perennial tree trees, it is the base and center of the overall development of the tree. Although people are well aware of the interrelationship between above and below ground growth, especially under adverse soil conditions, they encounter various problems involving water, nutrients and ecology, which affect the development state of apple tree roots, and thus restrict the effectiveness of apple tree production. However, under the conditions of field production, the root system of apple trees is affected by soil physicochemical properties, biological ecological factors and their trees The combined influence of the other parts of the body shows the extreme complexity of the biological space-time effect, and The root system is distributed underground, perennial, with complex structure and huge system, which makes the observation and research more difficult It is difficult, so people's research on it is far less in-depth, systematic and comprehensive than that on the ground. Soil management measures in agricultural production work through the root system, which directly determines the development state and production level of apple trees. Therefore, this paper provides theoretical basis and technical support for the healthy and sustainable development of apple industry and fundamental guarantee for the healthy and sustainable development of apple by summarizing the research progress of the root-soil effect of apple trees. Apple trees are an important part of agriculture. With the adjustment of rural industrial structure and the opening of agricultural products market, planting apple trees according to local conditions has brought considerable economic benefits to farmers. Apple trees have strong adaptability, not only can be planted in … Read More

Abstract: Human activities often cause multiple impacts on aquatic ecosystems, including changes in water quality, biodiversity, community composition, etc. However, the effects of human activities on phytoplankton in highly urbanized aquatic ecosystems are poorly understood. In this study, we conducted an in-depth analysis of phytoplankton communities and water environment factors in the Jinan City watershed in September 2020, focusing on 18 water environment factors. We found that nitrate nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and phosphate were the key drivers affecting the quality of the water environment in the area through principal component analysis (PCA). The results of the phytoplankton investigation showed that 143 species of phytoplankton from 8 phyla were found in the Jinan watershed, dominated by Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, and Cyanobacteria, of which cyanobacteria were dominant in density, while cryptophytes were the first in biomass. The assessment of phytoplankton diversity showed that the Jinan City watershed had high biodiversity, with an average Shannon Wiener Diversity Index of 3.12. RDA analysis revealed that permanganate index, total phosphorus, bathymetry, chlorophyll a, pH, and phosphate were significantly correlated with the structure of the phytoplankton community. Comprehensive trophic index (TLI) analysis showed that most of the watersheds in Jinan were moderately eutrophic. These results provide essential information for understanding the water quality status and aquatic biodiversity in Jinan City watersheds and provide a scientific basis for water environment management and protection. Read More

Abstract: The freshwater ecosystem, formed through the interaction between biological communities and the environment, serves as a vital resource for sustainable human development. Phytoplankton plays a pivotal role in environmental monitoring and ecological assessment, serving as a biological indicator in water quality assessment. However, the rapid urban development poses a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems, leading to environmental changes that alter phytoplankton community structures and degrade ecosystem functions. The research on the phytoplankton community structure and its correlation with environmental factors in Yinchuan remains insufficient. Therefore, it is imperative for Yinchuan's water ecosystem to comprehensively understand the phytoplankton community structure and identify the driving factors influencing the water ecological environment.A survey of phytoplankton was conducted in 40 stations across the Diannong River Basin, Yuehai Wetland, Baohu Wetland, and Hequanhu Wetland in Yinchuan in April 2023. The results revealed the presence of seven phyla and 211 species of phytoplankton in Yinchuan. Bacillariophyta comprised the majority of observed species, followed by Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta, with a smaller proportion of other species distributed throughout. Key influencing factors included total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), dissolved oxygen (DO), and transparency (SDD). Significant disparities were noted in both the Simpson index and Pielou's evenness index of the phytoplankton community. Read More

Abstract: The benthic fauna of the Jinan reservoir ecosystem and river ecosystem is dominated by Insecta species, followed by Gastropoda species, and the species of Insecta and Gastropoda are more in rivers than in reservoirs. Judging from the seasonal changes of benthic species in the two ecosystems, both showed a trend of high in spring and low in autumn. Judging from the changes in the density of benthic invertebrate in the water bodies of the two ecosystems, the total density of benthic invertebrate in the water bodies of the reservoir is low, and the monthly density changes are small, the total density of benthic invertebrate in the river ecosystem is higher than that in the reservoir ecosystem, and the density fluctuation is relatively large. The fluctuation range of benthic diversity in the reservoir ecosystem is smaller than that in the river ecosystem. Read More

Abstract: Acesulfame K, a widely used low-calorie artificial sweetener in food and beverages, has raised concerns and sparked controversies regarding its impact on human health. Thus, the objective of this study is to comprehensively review the effects of Acesulfame on human health based on the literatures from the past few decades, providing a scientific basis and reference for promoting accurate understanding and rational utilization of this sweetener. Extensive research has been devoted to investigating the correlation between Acesulfame K and human health over the past few decades. Numerous studies have demonstrated that Acesulfame K can serve as a low-calorie alternative sweetener for weight management and disease prevention, such as diabetes. However, some findings suggest adverse effects of Acesulfame K on the health of cardiovascular, neurological, endocrine, etc. In addition, Acesulfame K is related to some cancers. Read More

Abstract: In order to understand the water ecological environment and the characteristics of plankton community structure in the Zibo area, a survey and study of plankton was conducted in the Zibo Basin in the autumn of 2022. By collecting zooplankton from nine major rivers within the country, a total of 122 species were collected from four phyla. Among them, rotifers are the most abundant, with a total of 77 species, accounting for 63%; Next are protozoa, with a total of 24 species, accounting for 20%; There are a total of 11 species of cladocerans, accounting for 9%; There are 10 species of copepods, accounting for 8%. The average density is 229.58/L, and the average biomass of zooplankton is 2.1997mg/L. The Shannon Wiener diversity index for zooplankton is 3.35. The survey results show that the water quality in the Zibo section is generally in a light pollution state. It is recommended to take further effective measures to strengthen the environmental governance around the watershed, reduce the discharge of domestic sewage, and reduce human activity interference. Read More

Abstract: In order to explore the use of coffee fresh fruit skin in food, make a coffee fresh fruit skin flower cake. Through one-factor test and orthogonal test, study the effects of residue, glutinous rice flour and sugar on the filling, determine the best proportion of filling, sugar, water and oil on the filling. Through the test, in the water oil skin of coffee fresh fruit skin crisp cake, the water is replaced by the coffee fresh fruit skin filtrate, and the ratio of coffee fresh fruit skin to water is 1:1. The formula of coffee fresh fruit skin and flower cake is: filling white sugar 2g, glutinous rice flour 2g, coffee fresh fruit skin filter 4g; water oil skin white sugar 10g, high gluten flour 37.5g, coffee fresh fruit skin 5g powder, oil 14g. Under this process of coffee fresh fruit skin flower cake, from the inside to the outside has the taste of coffee fresh fruit skin fusion, very fragrant and crisp. Read More

Abstract: Research background and significance: Under the current development trend in the field of global food science and technology, consumers' requirements for food safety, nutritional value and sensory quality are increasing, prompting the innovation of food processing and preservation technology to become the core of the industry development. In the production of traditional food spiced beef, how to ensure the yield and quality of spiced beef is the focus of the spiced beef market. By adding edible glue can gain weight, thereby improving the yield, but previous studies have shown that carrageenan, seaweed extract and so on seriously affect the sensory quality of marinated beef, especially causing its juice oozing, colloidal attachments oozing and so on. Research content: Through the systematic study of the application of curdlan gel in the processing of brine injection spiced beef, the specific effects of curdlan gel on the water retention and sensory quality of spiced beef were discussed in this study. (1) Sensory optimization injection rolling composite curing process. The experiment was carried out with beef tendinous meat and a series of auxiliary materials, using fine processes and methods, including saline injection, rolling salting, cooking treatment, etc., and then conducting sensory evaluation. (2) Compare the quality difference of  curdlan gel 1 and 2. Determination of gel strength and optimization of water retention of stewed beef were carried out. Single factor ANOVA test was used to determine the optimal dosage of curdlan gel. The results showed that the water retention of beef with brine injection could be enhanced significantly when the dosage was 2%, respectively. Under the optimal process conditions, the sensory score of brined beef was 85.4 points. Through this study, important scientific and technological findings were obtained, which did not mean that the higher the concentration of curdlan gel, the better the water retention, on the contrary, the … Read More

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the application of Curdlan gel in beef emulsified sausage, to optimise its process parameters and to improve its textural properties in order to provide a safer and healthier way of processing meat products. Cure time, chopping time and steaming time were selected as the influencing factors to find out the optimal process combination by orthogonal test. Subsequently, the effects of different additive amounts of CY-1 and CY-2 Curdlan gel on the texture of beef emulsified sausage were investigated, and a comprehensive texture evaluation model was established. Through orthogonal tests, the optimal process combination was found to be 60 min for cure time, 20 s for chopping time, and 40 min for steaming time, and it was found that the additive amounts of CY-1 Curdlan gel of 1.5%~2.25% and CY-2 Curdlan gel of 0.75%~1.5% could improve the texture of beef emulsified sausage significantly, and produce the beef emulsified sausage with good texture characteristics. The production of beef emulsified sausage with good textural characteristics provides a certain reference for the optimization and improvement of the processing technology of beef emulsified sausage. Read More

Abstract: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are common pollutants in the atmosphere, which will do some harm to the environment and the human body. At present, the detection and treatment of VOCs are mainly concentrated in chemical, petroleum, pharmaceutical, household and other industries, but few scholars have studied the management of VOCs emitted by food industry. According to the characteristics of VOCs emitted from food industry, this article summarizes the research progress of relevant detection methods (gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry, electronic nose technology) for VOCs emitted from food industry in recent years, focusing on the research progress, advantages, and disadvantages of destruction technology (combustion method, low temperature plasma technology, biological method), treatment and recovery technology (adsorption method, absorption method, condensation method, membrane separation method) and combination technology for VOCs emitted from food industry. Based on the understanding of various governance technologies and the relevant policy requirements of VOCs governance, the future research trends in this field are prospected. Read More

Abstract: In this study, corn alcohol fermentation mash was used as raw material, and different microorganisms were added to improve the flavor of liquid fermentation Baijiu. The optimum fermentation conditions of liquid fermentation Baijiu were optimized by uniform experimental design. The optimum fermentation conditions were as follows: Saccharomyces cerevisiae: non-Saccharomyces cerevisiae=3.8:1, yeast inoculation amount was 0.65 g/g, Lactobacillus inoculation amount was 1%, yeast inoculation time was 26.5 h, Lactobacillus inoculation time was 0.5 h, the total acid content was 1.943 g/L, the estimated total acid yield was 2.036 g/L, and the relative deviation was 0.077%. Compared with the three control groups, the total acid yield increased by 27.39%, 12.36% and 19.05% respectively. Read More

Abstract: Carrying out the construction of high-standard farmland is an important way to implement the principle of "storing grain in the land and storing grain in the technology", and it is an important practice to implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's principle of food security. The construction of high-standard farmland can speed up the modernization of agriculture, help urbanization development, and realize the efficient use of arable land, scientific management, and guarantee the increase of farmers' incomes. The construction of high-standard farmland is beneficial to the country and the people. Using CNKI database publication year, institutions, authors, publications, journals, cited frequency, keywords and other elements, we systematically sorted out the overview of the research field of high-standard farmland construction in China from 1996 to 2024, and comprehensively analyzed the research dynamics and hotspots in this field. The results show that: at present, China's high standard farmland construction research mainly focuses on the theoretical policy, implementation effect and engineering technology; the organization with the most publications in this field is the newspaper, and the two documents with the highest total citation frequency are Research on the Construction Standards and Models of High-standard Farmland in Chongqing Municipality and Construction Standards of High-standard Farmland, respectively, and Comprehensive Agricultural Development of China is the periodical that publishes the most related documents; in the future, the research hotspots will gradually tend to be zoning construction and high standard farmland construction. The research hotspot gradually tends to zoning construction, ecological construction and other aspects, need to accelerate the research of scientific research institutions on this aspect of the research and key technology integration. Read More