Abstract: Chemotaxis refers to the influence of chemical substances in the environment on the movement of motile species and serves as an important mechanism of cellular communication. Cells communicate with each other by secreting chemical substances, which in turn determine their movement and differentiation. In order to better understand the growth patterns and aggregation distribution of biological populations, an increasing number of scientists have begun to study chemotaxis and describe the observed phenomena by establishing mathematical models. Among these models, the most classical one is the Keller–Segel chemotaxis model. The first part of this paper mainly introduces the development process and current research status of chemotaxis models related to the content of this study, and provides a general overview of the main topics investigated in this paper. The second part of this paper, namely Chapter 2, studies the following chemotaxis mode (which is a parabolic–parabolic–elliptic system with nonlinear production terms and a Logistic-type source). We analyze the global boundedness of its solutions, where is a bounded domain and the system is subject to Neumann boundary conditions. Here, the nonlinear production terms of the attractive and repulsive chemical substances are described by and respectively. Moreover, the Logistic source in this model satisfies Finally, it is concluded that if that is, when either the Logistic source or the repulsive term dominates the attractive term, the solution is globally bounded. Moreover, in the three balanced cases or the boundedness of the solution depends on the magnitude of the corresponding coefficients. The third part of this paper mainly summarizes the main results of the study and provides a preliminary outlook on future research on chemotaxis models with nonlinear production terms. Read More

Abstract: The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee made important strategic deployments for comprehensively advancing the great cause of national rejuvenation and building a strong country through Chinese-style modernization. As a new strategic initiative, digital village construction has broadened the path for agricultural development and provided new insights for agricultural modernization. Based on an evaluation index system for agricultural modernization and digital rural development constructed from their respective definitions, and using data from 1,374 counties in China from 2014 to 2022, this study employs a two-way fixed-effects model with mediation analysis to empirically examine the mechanism through which digital rural development influences agricultural modernization. The results indicate that digital rural development significantly promotes the advancement of agricultural modernization. In terms of the mechanism of action, entrepreneurial activity and green technological innovation play mediating roles in the process by which digital rural development drives agricultural modernization; heterogeneity analysis reveals that digital rural development promotes agricultural modernization more significantly in major grain-producing regions and areas with lower levels of agricultural modernization. Based on these findings, this study proposes that the government should promote agricultural modernization through three measures: implementing differentiated regional advancement strategies, establishing a mechanism driven by mass entrepreneurship and innovation, and deepening the digital restructuring of the entire industrial chain. Read More

Abstract: To clarify the regulatory effect of marinating and drying process on beef flavor and the flavor differences of processed products from different beef varieties, this study took Shandong yellow beef and Qinghai yak beef as research objects. Using headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ( GC-MS) and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) technologies, combined with relative odor activity value (ROAV), principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and other methods, the evolution characteristics of volatile flavor substances in beef before and after processing were analyzed, and the flavor profile differences of the finished beef jerky were compared. The results showed that aldehydes were the core flavor substances of both beef varieties in the fresh meat stage, with trans-2-nonenal and n-nonanal as the key contributors respectively. After marinating and drying, the proportion of aldehydes decreased significantly, terpenes became the dominant flavor substances of beef jerky, and new Maillard reaction products such as pyrazines and esters were generated. There were significant flavor differences between the two finished beef jerky, with 28 and 26 volatile substances detected respectively, and D-limonene, linalool and 2-ethyl-1,3,5-trimethylpyrazine were the key differential markers. This study provides a theoretical basis and data support for the differentiated development of characteristic beef jerky. Read More

Abstract: Background: Nutritional sleep-support strategies often underperform because they address only one pathway or do not balance efficacy with tolerability. We examined an NVTIA™ 5-HTP–L-theanine–GABA ternary system and aligned its disclosed formulation and mouse data with current published human evidence on the same three axes. Methods: We summarized the disclosed composition window, excipient module, process parameters, and preclinical sleep-evaluation results, and screened recent peer-reviewed human trials and evidence syntheses available through March 2026. Results: Published human evidence supports biological plausibility and modest clinical benefit for the individual components. A 12-week randomized controlled trial in older adults found that 100 mg/day 5-HTP improved certain sleep-quality components, particularly in poor sleepers. A 2025 meta-analysis of L-theanine trials reported significant improvements in subjective sleep-onset latency, daytime dysfunction, and overall subjective sleep quality. A 4-week double-blind trial of 300 mg/day oral GABA showed reduced sleep latency and improved sleep efficacy, although systematic-review evidence for oral GABA remains limited and heterogeneous. Against this clinical background, the disclosed ternary formulations showed dose-responsive preclinical performance. Conclusions: The NVTIA™ platform is best interpreted as a coordinated formulation-engineering system in which precursor support, relaxation support, inhibitory-neurotransmission support, gastrointestinal-tolerability excipients, and process control are aligned. These results justify further controlled human validation of optimized ternary ratios. Read More

Abstract: Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a central feature of cellular senescence and age-related functional decline [1,2]. Objective: We evaluated a ratio-defined triad containing alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG), pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium (PQQ), and Agaricus bisporus extract, and we aligned the formulation dataset with published mechanistic and human evidence relevant to mitochondrial support. Methods: We summarized composition windows, post-processing retention, and 48 h senescent-hepatocyte readouts, then compared these data with peer-reviewed studies on mitochondrial biogenesis, redox control, and mushroom-derived ergothioneine bioavailability [3-13]. Results: Across the three embodiments, AKG and PQQ retention remained high after processing (98.6-99.2%), while the comparative formula showed lower retention (92.2-92.8%). In senescent hepatocytes, the comparative formula showed lower membrane potential (52.3-65.2% of embodiment values) and higher mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (2.1-2.5-fold versus embodiments). Public evidence supported the mechanistic plausibility of the triad: PQQ has repeatedly been linked with mitochondrial biogenesis signaling [3-8]; AKG has shown protection against mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in hepatocyte-based models [9]; and ergothioneine from A. bisporus is bioavailable in humans and is increasingly linked with oxidative-stress resilience [11-13]. Conclusion: The triad shows coherent formulation-performance characteristics and biologically plausible multi-target activity, but dedicated human trials of the specific combined system are still required. Read More

Abstract: Background: Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) is central to epithelial defense and host-microbe homeostasis. Probiotic products positioned for immune support frequently underperform when strain selection, storage resilience, and intestinal delivery are not optimized. Methods: We reorganized a formulation-development and preclinical dataset describing the BALIMONT immune-support platform and integrated representative published evidence on IgA-oriented probiotic, postbiotic, and prebiotic interventions. The BALIMONT system combined Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC 29521, Bifidobacterium longum DSM 20219, and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 with a heat-inactivated Lactococcus lactis-derived postbiotic fraction, a prebiotic support matrix, and staged protective encapsulation. Results: Within the development dataset, the 2:2:2 tri-strain ratio yielded the strongest in vitro response, with secretory IgA of 21.35 μg/mL and probiotic proliferation of 5.62-fold. A 1:1 postbiotic-to-probiotic cell-count ratio maximized both IgA induction and 30-day viable-count retention. In mice, the 200 mg/kg BALIMONT group exceeded a same-category comparator by 39.68% for serum total IgA, 56.52% for intestinal mucosal sIgA, and 53.01% for fecal sIgA. Viable-count retention remained 86.72% after 6 months at 25°C/60% RH. Published clinical and translational evidence further supports the biological plausibility of IgA-associated mucosal benefits from probiotic and synbiotic strategies. Conclusions: The BALIMONT platform can be interpreted as a rationally balanced probiotic-postbiotic system in which strain synergy, postbiotic complementation, prebiotic support, and staged delivery converge on IgA-associated mucosal immunity. These findings support continued translational development and justify subsequent human validation. Read More

Abstract: Background: Obesity remains a major global health problem, and practical weight-management products often fail because thermogenic ingredients, catechins, and satiety fibers are combined without a delivery system that protects labile actives or coordinates gastrointestinal exposure [1]. We therefore evaluated a time-programmed guarana extract-EGCG-konjac glucomannan (KGM) matrix and interpreted its disclosed formulation-performance dataset alongside published human and mechanistic evidence. Methods: We reviewed the disclosed composition, comparator results, gastrointestinal release behavior, animal-model outcomes, and short-term volunteer satiety observations, and we complemented these data with a structured PubMed- and WHO-based literature search through March 2026. Results: In the disclosed dataset, 2-h EGCG retention in simulated gastric fluid remained 83.9–88.7% for qualified formulations but only 31.7% for the parameter-mismatched comparator. Qualified matrices sustained intestinal release (65.8–71.2% at 6 h) and preserved near-complete colonic release (96.7–98.1% at 12 h). In obese mice, the benchmark embodiment reduced body weight by 21.3%, body-fat percentage by 32.7%, and food intake by 28.4% versus model control, with concurrent rises in GLP-1 and fecal butyrate. Published studies provide biologically concordant support: EGCG-caffeine/guarana mixtures increased 24-h energy expenditure in a randomized crossover trial [2], low-dose EGCG increased postprandial fat oxidation in obese men [3], gelled KGM reduced appetite and energy intake in healthy adults [5], and a 2024 dose-response meta-analysis reported significant reductions in body mass, BMI, and body-fat percentage with green tea extract supplementation [4]. Conclusion: We found that the differentiating value of the NVTIA platform lies primarily in matrix architecture rather than ingredient listing alone. The combined evidence supports a formulation-level rationale for staged satiety and metabolic … Read More

Abstract: We developed BCLC as a core–shell nanolipid carrier to organize three physicochemically mismatched yet mechanistically complementary actives—ergothioneine (EGT), curcumin, and piperine—within a single delivery architecture. We positioned curcumin in a hydrophobic lipid core, enriched piperine at the interfacial layer, and anchored EGT on a hydrophilic shell, then evaluated particle characteristics, encapsulation efficiency, release behavior, and long-term stability across disclosed embodiments and comparators. The lead embodiment achieved a particle size of 32.6 nm, PDI 0.087, zeta potential −41.2 mV, and encapsulation efficiencies of 96.8%, 95.3%, and 94.7% for EGT, curcumin, and piperine, respectively. At 24 h, cumulative release reached 76.3%, 74.1%, and 77.8%, indicating synchronized release of all three actives, whereas the physical-mixture comparator displayed burst release for EGT and piperine but poor curcumin liberation. After 12 months of storage, active retention remained above 93% in the lead embodiment but fell sharply in several comparators. To position these results within the broader literature, we reviewed representative peer-reviewed and official-source data showing that EGT is absorbed and well tolerated in humans, piperine markedly increases curcumin exposure in human volunteers, curcumin–piperine co-supplementation can improve oxidative-stress endpoints in randomized trials, and core–shell co-delivery systems improve protection and controlled release. Together, these findings support BCLC as a differentiated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory raw-material platform with strong formulation logic and translational potential. Read More

Abstract: We evaluated a BALIMONT multi-strain probiotic platform composed of Bacillus coagulans ATCC 7050, Bifidobacterium animalis ATCC 27536, and Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 20174, and we integrated the original formulation dataset with currently available published evidence relevant to probiotic-based weight management. The platform used a 1:1:1 viable-count ratio and a sequential ecological-relay design in which B. animalis and L. plantarum were pre-incubated in a B. coagulans cell-free metabolite filtrate before final blending with B. coagulans spore powder. In the original comparative dataset, six-month viable-count retention reached 85.2%, versus 52.0% for a same-strain direct-mix comparator. In vivo, B. coagulans first reduced free oxygen from 5.2 mg/L to 0.8 mg/L and shifted the proximal intestinal redox potential from +120 mV to −180 mV, followed by jejunal/ileal enrichment of L. plantarum and distal-colon enrichment of B. animalis. In obese mice, the medium and high doses reduced body weight by 12.3% and 15.7%, body-fat percentage by 18.5% and 22.4%, and colonic short-chain fatty acids by 58% and 72%, respectively, relative to the model pattern reported in the source dataset. Published human studies and meta-analyses further support the plausibility of probiotic-mediated improvement in visceral fat, body weight, insulin resistance, and microbiota-related metabolic markers. Together, these data support BALIMONT as a process-defined probiotic platform for metabolic-environment modulation and justify further randomized human validation. Read More

Abstract: We evaluated an NVTIA retinal-support matrix centered on lutein, β-carotene, blueberry extract, and grape seed extract, while preserving the formulation-performance dataset and matching it with published clinical and mechanistic evidence. We reviewed peer-reviewed literature in PubMed and authoritative NIH/NEI materials through March 2026, and we aligned those data with the engineering endpoints retained in the formulation dataset: lipid-phase oxidation, water-phase retention, 45-minute dissolution, and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell survival under blue-light stress. In the formulation dataset, the optimized embodiments showed markedly lower oxidation (0.8–1.2% vs 15.6%), higher retention (97.5–99.2% vs 72.3%), higher 45-minute dissolution (88.3–92.5% vs 65.7%), and higher RPE survival (82.4–89.7% vs 65.2%) than the conventional control. Published evidence provided clinical support for the carotenoid axis: AREDS/AREDS2 supplementation reduces progression from intermediate to advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by about 25%, and long-term follow-up showed lutein/zeaxanthin to be a safer and more effective replacement for β-carotene in populations at risk of smoking-related harm [1–3]. A randomized trial in early AMD further showed that lutein/zeaxanthin supplementation increased macular pigment optical density and improved visual function [4], while macular carotenoid supplementation improved photostress recovery and disability glare in healthy adults [5]. Human and preclinical studies also support complementary roles for anthocyanin- and proanthocyanidin-rich fractions from blueberry/bilberry and grape seed sources in visual fatigue, oxidative retinal injury, and diabetic retinal pathology [6–12]. Together, these data indicate that a dual-phase protected carotenoid–polyphenol architecture is biologically plausible and translationally relevant, with the strongest human support still favoring lutein-containing, β-carotene-restricted retinal … Read More

Abstract: Background: Oral iron preparations often fail to balance rapid dissolution, complementary uptake routes, storage stability, and gastrointestinal tolerability. In this study, we evaluated an NVTIA four-source oral iron platform that combines heme iron, glycine chelated iron, ferrous gluconate, and ferrous lactate with camu camu and acerola-derived natural vitamin C-rich cofactors. Methods: We organized the formulation dataset and preclinical evaluation program of this platform and interpreted the results together with published evidence on global anemia burden, oral iron transport, amino acid-chelated iron, heme iron, and ascorbic acid-assisted absorption. The disclosed in-house evaluation included accelerated stability, in vitro dissolution, rat in situ intestinal perfusion, and a rat iron-deficiency anemia model. Results: Publicly available evidence confirms that anemia remains a major global problem and that ferrous salts, heme iron, amino acid-chelated iron, and vitamin C each contribute distinct absorption advantages. In our formulation study, vitamin C retention after 6 months of accelerated storage was 93.25% in Embodiment 1 versus 65.17% in the synthetic vitamin C substitution comparator. Cumulative ferrous dissolution reached 98.26% at 60 min, intestinal iron absorption reached 38.72%, and 28-day repletion in iron-deficient rats brought hemoglobin and serum ferritin closer to normal values than the comparator systems. Conclusion: A multi-pathway iron-delivery strategy that integrates complementary iron species with natural vitamin C-rich cofactors produced favorable stability, dissolution, absorption, and repletion profiles. These findings support clinical translation of the NVTIA platform while underscoring the need for prospective human validation. Read More

Abstract: We integrated the reported BALIMONT platform data with published clinical-trial evidence relevant to respiratory mucosal immunity, upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) prevention, and gut–lung-axis signaling. The source platform combines Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus DSM 20021, Lactobacillus acidophilus DSM 20079, and Bifidobacterium bifidum DSM 20456 with 2'-fucosyllactose, low-molecular-weight sodium hyaluronate, and baicalin across three delivery formats: mucoadhesive microcapsules, a nebulized inhalation solution, and oral enteric freeze-dried tablets. Across the retained platform dataset, 24 h respiratory epithelial adhesion reached 86.7%, 78.3%, and 72.5% for the three BALIMONT examples versus 21.6% for the comparator; respiratory secretory IgA increased by 38.9%, 32.4%, and 29.6% versus 7.5%; and 72 h microaerobic survival reached 91.3%, 87.6%, and 85.2% versus 34.7%. We then aligned these findings with published randomized trials showing that selected Lactobacillus- and Bifidobacterium-containing interventions shortened common-cold duration, reduced symptom burden, lowered school absenteeism or antibiotic use, or improved quality-of-life-related respiratory outcomes. Taken together, the evidence supports BALIMONT as a respiratory-barrier-oriented probiotic platform with plausible translational relevance, while also indicating that BALIMONT-specific randomized human validation is still needed. Read More

Abstract: Background: Multi-botanical liver-support formulations are increasingly positioned around bile flow, oxidative stress control, and hepatocyte protection, yet the scientific value of such products depends on whether botanical standardization, dose–response behavior, and external evidence converge. Methods: We evaluated the NVTIA tri-extract formulation-series dataset together with a targeted search of PubMed, PMC, and regulatory monographs through March 2026 to identify clinical, mechanistic, and preclinical evidence relevant to milk thistle, artichoke, and dandelion root. Results: Within the formulation series, marker-standardized extracts exceeded predefined quality thresholds (silymarin 83.5%, cynarin 3.2%, total flavonoids 4.8%). Increasing milk thistle from 20 to 50 parts was associated with monotonic improvement in oxidative-stress endpoints, with MDA reductions from 51.27% to 68.17%, SOD increases from 98.62% to 141.53%, and GSH-Px increases from 112.35% to 162.48%. Increasing dandelion root from 15 to 45 parts was associated with 4 h bile-flow increases from 52.78% to 86.11%, ALT reductions from 62.35% to 81.26%, and MDA reductions from 53.47% to 66.78%. In the public literature, a 2024 meta-analysis of nine clinical trials reported significant reductions in ALT and AST with silymarin in MASLD, while a separate 2024 meta-analysis of 26 randomized trials found improvement in liver injury and steatosis outcomes. Two meta-analyses of artichoke supplementation reported significant reductions in ALT and AST, and a placebo-controlled NAFLD trial found improvements in liver enzymes, bilirubin, and sonographic parameters. A placebo-controlled crossover study also documented a marked short-term increase in bile secretion after standardized artichoke extract. By contrast, dandelion-root evidence remained predominantly preclinical. Conclusion: The NVTIA tri-extract framework shows internal dose–response coherence and aligns most strongly with the external evidence base … Read More

Abstract: With the global pandemic of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and other metabolic syndromes, excessive sucrose intake has been widely recognized as a core modifiable risk factor for chronic non-communicable diseases. Driven by rising global health awareness, the market demand for sugar substitutes has undergone a fundamental transformation: from the initial goal of simple calorie reduction and sucrose replacement to the pursuit of additional functional health benefits while reducing sugar intake. Against this background, this paper systematically evaluates the performance, advantages, and limitations of two major categories of sugar substitutes: chemical synthetic sweeteners (CSS) and natural functional polysaccharides (NPs), with a specific focus on polysaccharides extracted from white hyacinth beans (Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet), a classic medicinal and edible homologous plant in China. For CSS represented by aspartame, sucralose, and acesulfame potassium, their core advantages lie in ultra-high sweetness intensity (up to 600 times that of sucrose), zero or near-zero caloric value, and low production cost, which have made them dominate the global sugar substitute market for decades. However, emerging toxicological studies, clinical trials, and cohort studies in recent 5 years have gradually revealed the potential long-term risks of CSS intake, including disruption of gut microbiota homeostasis, impairment of intestinal barrier integrity, induction of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, and even increased risk of metabolic syndrome. In contrast, NPs derived from medicinal and edible plants, especially the white hyacinth bean polysaccharides (WHBP) and white hyacinth flower polysaccharides (WHFP) focused on in this study, exhibit multiple biological activities and health benefits beyond simple sucrose replacement. In this study, we adopted a green extraction strategy combining composite enzymatic hydrolysis and low-temperature ultrasound, which … Read More